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The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System

Received: 21 December 2014     Accepted: 27 December 2014     Published: 27 March 2015
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Abstract

The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere – contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution shows the rest energy of mass in space as the energy of motion mass possesses due to the expansion. DU shows relativity as a consequence of the conservation of total energy and the zero-energy balance in interactions in space, and allows the derivation of physical and cosmological predictions in relatively simple mathematics – with no need to rely on kinematically derived coordinate transformations. The postulates DU employs do not include the principle of relativity, the equivalence principle, or assumptions about the constancy of the velocity of light. Yet, for local phenomena, including near space, DU predictions are essentially the same as the corresponding predictions given by the special and general theories of relativity. Cosmology predictions in DU fit with observations without the need to free parameters like mass density and dark energy used in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The Dynamic Universe model offers plausible basis for philosophical considerations and leads to an intelligible picture of physical reality from quantum phenomena to the cosmological structure and development of space. The universe in this model presents itself as an intricately ordered whole where local structures and expressions of energy and matter are inseparably connected to the rest of space.

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 2, Issue 6-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Vacuum, Fundamental Arena of the Universe: Models, Applications and Perspectives

DOI 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18
Page(s) 66-85
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Unifying Theory, Relativity, Cosmology, Quantum Phenomena, Zero-Energy Principle

References
[1] T. Suntola, “The Dynamic Universe, Toward a unified picture of physical reality”, 3rd edition, ISBN 978-1461027034, Physics Foundations Society, 354 pages, 2012. e-book(pdf) ISBN 978-952-67236-5-5
[2] A. Einstein, Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften (1917)
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[11] H. Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis, http://archive.org/stream/sciencehypothesi00poin
[12] R. Genzel et al., Nature 425 (2003) 934
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[14] J. Weber, General Relativity and gravitational waves, Interscience Publishers Inc (1961)
[15] J. Foster, J. D. Nightingale, A Short Course in General Relativity, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 0-387-94295-5 (2001)
[16] T. Suntola, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 5866 (2005), http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1328341
[17] R.C. Tolman, PNAS 16, 511-520, 1930
[18] T.E. Cranshaw, J.P. Schiffer, and A.B. Whitehead, Phys. Rev. Letters 4, 4 (1960), 163
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[21] R.F.C. Vessot et al., Phys. Rev. Letters, 45, 26 (1980) 2081
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Tuomo Suntola. (2015). The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 2(6-1), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18

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    ACS Style

    Tuomo Suntola. The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2015, 2(6-1), 66-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18

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    AMA Style

    Tuomo Suntola. The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2015;2(6-1):66-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18,
      author = {Tuomo Suntola},
      title = {The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System},
      journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6-1},
      pages = {66-85},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.s.2014020601.18},
      abstract = {The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere – contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution shows the rest energy of mass in space as the energy of motion mass possesses due to the expansion. DU shows relativity as a consequence of the conservation of total energy and the zero-energy balance in interactions in space, and allows the derivation of physical and cosmological predictions in relatively simple mathematics – with no need to rely on kinematically derived coordinate transformations. The postulates DU employs do not include the principle of relativity, the equivalence principle, or assumptions about the constancy of the velocity of light. Yet, for local phenomena, including near space, DU predictions are essentially the same as the corresponding predictions given by the special and general theories of relativity. Cosmology predictions in DU fit with observations without the need to free parameters like mass density and dark energy used in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The Dynamic Universe model offers plausible basis for philosophical considerations and leads to an intelligible picture of physical reality from quantum phenomena to the cosmological structure and development of space. The universe in this model presents itself as an intricately ordered whole where local structures and expressions of energy and matter are inseparably connected to the rest of space.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    AB  - The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere – contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution shows the rest energy of mass in space as the energy of motion mass possesses due to the expansion. DU shows relativity as a consequence of the conservation of total energy and the zero-energy balance in interactions in space, and allows the derivation of physical and cosmological predictions in relatively simple mathematics – with no need to rely on kinematically derived coordinate transformations. The postulates DU employs do not include the principle of relativity, the equivalence principle, or assumptions about the constancy of the velocity of light. Yet, for local phenomena, including near space, DU predictions are essentially the same as the corresponding predictions given by the special and general theories of relativity. Cosmology predictions in DU fit with observations without the need to free parameters like mass density and dark energy used in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The Dynamic Universe model offers plausible basis for philosophical considerations and leads to an intelligible picture of physical reality from quantum phenomena to the cosmological structure and development of space. The universe in this model presents itself as an intricately ordered whole where local structures and expressions of energy and matter are inseparably connected to the rest of space.
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  • Physics Foundations Society, Espoo, Finland

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